Kamaruzaman Sjam

Kamaruzaman Sjam

Kamaruzaman Sjam,, also known as Kamarusaman bin Achmad Mubaidah and Sjam, was a key member of the Communist Party of Indonesia who was executed for his part in the 1965 coup attempt known as the 30 September Movement.
According to his courtroom testimony at his trial for involvement in the 30 September Movement, Sjam was born in Tuban, East Java in 1924. He was a descendant of Arab traders who settled on Java's north coast. He attended elementary school, high school and then an agronomy school in Surabaya. The agronomy school was closed down when Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies in 1942. Sjam abandoned his studies before graduating and went to Yogyakarta, where he attended business school. He was a member of the Pathuk group of youths resisting the Japanese around the Pathuk district of Yogyakarta. He participated in an attack on the main Japanese government office in Yogyakarta in September 1945 when his group lowered the Japanese flag and raised the red and white Indonesian flag.
In 1947 Socialist Party leaders sent five youths, including Sjam, to Jakarta to help republican officials smuggle supplies and money to Yogykarta, at the time the Indonesian capital. Upon arrival in Jakarta, Sjam contacted republican officials. Sjam worked in the Ministry of Information and lived on Jalan Guntur. He met with men who had been studying in the Netherlands and studiedMarxism-Leninism once a week. Sjam was a civil servant from 1947 to 1948, and was organizing trades unions from 1948 to 1950. Together with the other four group members, Sjam joined the Communist Party of Indonesia PKI in 1949, then joined the military section of the PKI Organizational Department in the 1950s. He would have had a large number of contacts within the military who he had known in the Pathuk group.
However, although Sjam claimed in court that he joined the PKI in 1949, according to Mortimer he was listed in the Suara Sosialis (Voice of Socialism) as a Socialist Party member undergoing intensive party training in Jakarta. According to Roosa, Sjam could not have been a member of both the Communist and Socialist Parties at the same time in the 1950s.
Roosa claims that Sjam helped PKI leaders D.N. Aidit and M. H. Lukman "reappear" at Jakarta's Tanjung Priok port after they had pretended to go into exile following the Madiun Affair in 1948 when there was an abortive left wing coup attempt. Sjam helped the two men pass through immigration.
According to Sjam's testimony at his trail, by mid-1965, the PKI's Special Bureau under Sjam had had considerable success infiltrating the military, and was in regular contact with hundreds of officers. The situation in Indonesia at the time was extremely tense, with rampant inflation and rumors of death lists being drawn up by communists and non-communists. In the run up to Armed Forces Day on October 5, 1965, with large numbers of troops heading for the capital, many people were expecting a coup d'xtat. PKI leader D.N. Aidit asked Sjam to use his contacts to find out if the rumors were true. Sjam concluded that they were, and informed Aidit.
On the night of September 30, 1965, a group calling itself the 30 September Movement kidnapped and later murdered six top Indonesian Army generals. The next morning, armed members of the group took control of the square in the center of Jakarta, and announced over Indonesian national radio that they had acted to foil a coup planned by group of Army generals.
By the late next morning, Sjam, along with President Sukarno, Air Force commander Air Vice-Marshal Omar Dani and PKI leader D.N. Aidit were all at the movement's headquarters at Halim Air Force Base on the outskirts of Jakarta. Roosa believes that rather than being Aidit's subordinate, Sjam was actually in charge of the movement. He had taken the lead after becoming convinced action was needed to forestall the military coup d'xtat, and had persuaded those officers loyal to him and the PKI to join the movement.
In court as a witness during the trials of other people accused or responsibility for the 30 September Movement, Sjam claimed he had been acting under the orders of Aidit. He was sentenced to death in 1968, but continued to appear as a witness in various trials, at which he continued to reveal further details to postpone his execution. He was finally executed in September 1986.

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