Provisional Constitution of 1950

Provisional Constitution of 1950

The Provisional Constitution of 1950 replaced the Federal Constitution of 1949 when Indonesia unilaterally withdrew from the union with the Netherlands agreed at the Round Table Conference and returned to being a unitary state. It came into force on August 17, 1950. It was abrogated on July 5, 1959 when President Sukarno issued a decree dissolving the Constitutional Assembly and restoring the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia.
The two governments further agreed that the provisional constitution would be submitted to both states' parliaments for approval. If that was obtained, a joint session of both parliaments would be held, at which the president would formally inaugurate the unitary state.
This committee was formally established immediately after the May 19 agreement. It had 14 members, with seven appointed by each government. It was chaired jointly by the RUSI justice minister Soepomo and the Indonesian Republic's prime minister Abdul Halim. Hatta and Abdul Halim had previously agreed that all the members of the RUSI House of Representatives as well as the republic's legislature would be members of the unicameral parliament, with other members to be appointed by the president. The committee eventually decided that in addition, the members of the RUSI senate and the Supreme Advisory Council of the Republic would also be members, resulting in a 236-member house. The committee also decided that Jakarta would be the capital of the state and that the nation would be divided into 10 provinces and two special regions.
After two months of deliberations, the committee agreed on a draft constitution, which after some minor changes, was approved by both governments on July 20. Both parliaments approved it on August 14, three days ahead of the Independence Day anniversary deadline.
Like its predecessor, this constitution would be provisional and would stipulate that a constitutional assembly would produce a definitive document. It provided for a unicameral parliamentary form of government with a cabinet and prime minister held responsible to the parliament and for a President but with no real executive powers.
In 1955 elections were held for the Constitutional Assembly, which was tasked with drawing up a permanent constitution. However, after much wrangling, it failed to agree, with the principal issue being the role of Islam in the new state. In July 1958, army chief-of-staff Abdul Haris Nasution suggested returning to the 1945 Constitution. The army organized demonstrations in favor of this, and the idea gained popularity with a number of political parties. After it had failed to obtain the necessary two-thirds majority for such a return, on July 5, President Sukarno issued a decree dissolving it and restoring the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia.

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Pelita Jaya

Pelita Jaya

Pelita Bandung Raya is an Indonesian football team based in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, founded on November 11, 1986. It was one of the most successful clubs in the Galatama era.
In the mid 90s, Pelita Jaya FC recruited several legendary World Cup footballers such as Mario Kempes, Roger Milla, Jules Onana, and Maboang Kessack. In 2011, the club made a phenomenal transfer when landed Malaysian striker Safee Sali, who crowned as top scorer at 2010 AFF Suzuki Cup.
In October 2012, Pelita Jaya was sold by the club owner PT Pelita Jaya Cronus to Ari Dewanto Sutedi, the owner of Bandung Raya and President Director of PT Retower Asia. "Since 100 percent of the shares Pelita Jaya, has been purchased by the Bandung Raya, then automatically powers the club next season will be held entirely by the Bandung Raya, the name of the new club of course," said Commissioner of PT Pelita Jaya Cronus, Andika Andrayudha Bakrie.
After Bandung Raya official purchase Pelita Jaya as well as the right to perform in the Indonesian Super League next season. President Retower Asia Ari Dewanto Sutedi, as the owner of the club Bandung Raya forward with the acquisition ambitions to revive the club's golden era can be realized. "We want to restore the glory of Bandung Raya in the past," said Ari.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Pelita Jaya FC have a very tough competitor in the League of Persib Bandung. Since the beginning of the meeting of the league, This game is also often called the Derby Bandung. But Persib Bandung still dominating victory and become the ruler of football in West Java.

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Grand Indonesia

Grand Indonesia

The site of the current Grand Indonesia was previously occupied by Hotel Indonesia and Hotel Inna Wisata. Hotel Indonesia was the 1st five star hotel in the archipelago, being the most prestigious hotel at the time it was built. The development of the building was initiated by the 1st Indonesian president, Soekarno, who was also an architect. Hotel Inna Wisata was built in 1970s as a midclass accommodation, located behind Hotel Indonesia. All of the buildings in the complex except the original Hotel Indonesia building were torn down to make way for Grand Indonesia.
Grand Indonesia comprises Grand Indonesia Shopping Town, Hotel Indonesia - Kempinski, Kempinski Residences, and Menara BCA. The complex is built on the site of former Hotel Indonesia and Hotel Inna Wisata. The US$242 million project is funded by a major cigarette company, Djarum, under a 30-year BOT contract.
The operation and management of the mall was awarded to Jones Lang LaSalle while the hotel and apartments are managed by the Kempinski international hotel chain. BCA, the leading national bank, occupies most of the office floors.

The complex provides a approximately 5,500 cars.

parking area with a capacity of -

The Shopping Town consists of 2 blocks linked by an impressive multi-level bridge and zoned into 3 specialized districts to cater to individuals needs. The mall has 2 department stores and include with many exclusive international and Indonesian brands.
A new Kempinski Residence was designed by RTKL architects and managed by the Kempinski group. Kempinski Private Residences consists of 271 premium units on 58 floors.
Hotel Indonesia, the 1st 5-star hotel in Indonesia, was restored under the guidance of Kempinski and Hirsch Bedner & Associates. With 5 restaurants and lounges, 12 function rooms, along with 289 luxury guest rooms, the Hotel Indonesia - Kempinski boasts such luxury for Indonesian's riches and expatriates. Two of the legendary rooms in the hotel, The Bali Room and The Ramayana Pavilion were also kept. The Bali Room, initially used as a meeting room and an auditorium, was transformed into the new hotel ballroom. No design changes were made in The Ramayana Pavilion, particularly in the shape of its dome, although its function was changed into executive lounge of Hotel Indonesia - Kempinski. The new hotel ballroom called Kempinski Grand Ballroom also located on the 11th floor of Grand Indonesia Shopping Town.
A 56-story office tower, one of the tallest in Jakarta. Its 82,000 m2 of office space was designed by RTKL. A giant LED Screen with high end technology is located on the northern faxade of the building. Other premium services include, Fitness First Platinum with its premium service and a large outdoor swimming pool. There is an open space 'Roof Top' Bar and Restaurant SKYE located on the 56th floor.
The mall has several restaurants and food outlets from other countries, including Baskin Robbins, Bonchon Chicken, BreadTalk, Burger King, Carl's Jr., Chatterbox, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Cold Stone, Dairy Queen, Gong Cha, Haagen Dazs, Han Gang, Kenny Rogers Roasters, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Kopitiam, Krispy Kreme, La Porchetta, Maquis, Marche, Pizza Hut, Pizza Express, Red Mango, Smooch, Starbucks Coffee, Sushi Tei, Tutti Frutti, Yoshinoya, and many more.

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PB Djarum

PB Djarum

PB Djarum is a badminton club in Kudus, Indonesia.
Brak, located at Jl. Bitingan Lama No. 35 â€" Kudus, was used as a badminton court in 1969 in the afternoons under the Kudus community. PT Djarum's CEO, Budi Hartono, encouraged its use among his employees, who enjoyed playing there. A young athlete, Liem Swie King, played well, leading Budi Hartono to seriously develop the Kudus community's activities into the PB Djarum organization.
PB Djarum's name gained recognition when Indonesia won the Thomas Cup in 1984 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. At that time, out of eight players, seven came from PB Djarum, namely, Liem Swie King, Hastomo Arbi, Hadiyanto, Kartono, Heryanto, Christian Hadinata, and Hadibowo. The eighth player was Icuk Sugiarto.
The 1st PB Djarum GOR was located at Bitingan Lama. In 1982, it was replaced by Kaliputu and known as the 2nd GOR. Both were used by PB Djarum Kudus and now are used by local residents to practice badminton, as GOR Jati was built above the 43,207 meters squares land at Jl. Jati â€" Kudus in 2004 and authorized on 27 May 2006.
In accordance with PB Djarum's mission, GOR Jati construction cost about IDR 30 billion, which is applied to PB Djarum's athletes in Men's and Women's Single competitions. The Doubles are placed at PB Djarum Jakarta. According to the international standard, GOR Jati is claimed to be the best training facility in Asia.
Among 29,450 square meter, the GOR Jati facility comprises 4,925 square meter sports building with 16 courts inside. Twelve of them are surfaced with wood; the others with vinyl. There is seating on the right and left sides. Other supplementary buildings are: meeting room, office space, cafeteria, fitness center, computers room, audio-visual room, and library.
Included within the facility is a 1,834 square meter athletes' residence hall. It has 40 bedrooms for two persons each, complete with beds and desks, separated between Men/Boys and Women/Girls. The coaches' house takes 312 square meters from the total facility area.
Since its inception, PB Djarum has firmly encouraged its athletes to have the vision to achieve in both tournaments and education. Time management is an important matter, yet it isn't easy, since most of them are students in elementary, junior high, or senior high school. In order to maintain and balance the two important aspects, PB Djarum cooperates with Department of Education and Culture. The result is the best performance of its athletes in both badminton and education.
The Department supports PB Djarum's athletes by presenting school time dispensation, beginning studies at different times from regular students. They are also given permission to leave classes to attend tournaments. At present, some schools that sustain PB Djarum's athletes' academy are SD Baronang II, SMP Taman Dewata, and SMA Kramat.
Athletes must work hard. Without effort, no triumph will come easily" â€" Budi Hartono, CEO of PT Djarum.
This is true, especially for PB Djarum's athletes. In PB Djarum, every athlete candidate must pass the selection phase, including considerations like age, height, aptitude, intellectual capacity, psychological stability, basic skills, and family support. They must pass to join PB Djarum training activities.
After the initial selection, there is a continuous selection in athletes' match ability. They must improve; otherwise, he/she will be sent home, as a part of a promotion-degradation training system applied by PB Djarum. The clauses that define the system are written to acknowledge each athlete's parents from the beginning.
The system increases the competitive atmosphere between athletes, and under-performing athletes are given chances for self-improvement, or to develop another career.

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Energy in Indonesia

Energy in Indonesia

Energy in Indonesia describes energy and electricity production, consumption, import and export in Indonesia. Energy policy of Indonesia will describe the politics of Indonesia related to energy more in detail. In 2009 Indonesia produced oil, coal, natural gas and palm oil, utilized also as energy raw material in 2010. Renewable energy potential in Indonesia is high: solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy. Tropical rain forests and peat land areas have extensive coal storage. Indonesia is geologically unstable country. According to IEA Indonesia was the 10th top natural gas producer in 2009: 76 billion cubics 2.5% of world production of which 36 bcm was exported. In 2009 Indonesia was the 5th top coal producer: 263 million tonnes hard coal and 38 million tonnes brown. The majority of this, 230 Mt of hard coal, was exported.
According to IEA energy production increased 34% and export 76% from 2004 to 2008 in Indonesia.
There is potential for tight oil and shale gas in northern Sumatra and eastern Kalimantan. There are estimated to be 46 trillion cubic feet of shale gas and 7.9 billion barrels of shale oil which could be recovered with existing technologies. Pertamina has taken the lead in using hydraulic fracturing to explore for shale gas in northern Sumatra. Chevron Pacific Indonesia and NuEnergy Gas are also pioneers in using fracking in existing oil fields and in new exploration. Environmental concerns and a government-imposed cap on oil prices present barriers to full development of the substantial shale deposits in the country. Sulawesi, Seram, Buru, Irian Jaya in eastern Indonesia have shales that were deposited in marine environments which may be more brittle and thus more suitable for fracking than the source rocks in western Indonesia which have higher clay content.
The contribution of renewable sources of energy to energy supply as a percentage of total primary energy supply in 2010 was 34.5%. Renewable generation sources supplied 16% of Indonesia's electricity in 2011. Indonesia has set a target of 26% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2025.
An estimated 55% of Indonesia's population, i.e. 128 million people primarily rely upon traditional biomass for cooking.
Indonesia has set a target of 2 GW installed capacity in hydroelectricity, including 0.43 GW micro hydro, by 2025.
Indonesia uses some geothermal energy. According to the Renewable Energy Policy Network's Renewables 2013 Global Status Report, Indonesia has the 3rd largest installed generating capacity in the world. With 1.3 GW installed capacity, Indonesia trails only the United States and the Philippines (1.9 GW). However it leads Mexico (1.0 GW), Italy (0.9 GW), New Zealand (0.8 GW), Iceland (0.7 GW), and Japan (0.5 GW). Current official policy is to encourage the increasing use of geothermal energy for electricity production. Geothermal sites in Indonesia include the Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station and the Kamojang plant, both in West Java.
The development of the sector has been proceeding rather more slowly than hoped. Expansion appears to be held up by a range of technical, economic, and policy issues which have attracted considerable comment in Indonesia. However, it has proved difficult to formulate policies to respond to the problems.
A very small amount of electricity is generated using wind power. For example, a small plant was established at Pandanmino, a small village on the south coast of Java in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, in 2011. However it was established as experimental plant and it isn't clear whether funding for long-term maintenance will be available.

Much energy in transportation.

Indonesia is used for domestic -

The electricity sector, dominated by the state-owned electricity utility Perusahaan Listrik Negara, is another major consumer of primary energy.
The CO2 emissions of Indonesia in total were over Italy in 2009. However, in all greenhouse gas emissions including construction and deforestation in 2005 Indonesia was 4. top after China, US and Brazil.

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The Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (BPPN)

BPPN

The Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (Indonesian: Badan Penyehatan perbankan Nasional (BPPN)) is part of a series of strategic policies taken by the Indonesian government in response to the banking and economic crisis which befell the country following the onset of the Asian monetary crisis in mid-1997. Among other things, the drastic depreciation of the Rupiah reduced bank liquidity, and loss of public confidence to the Rupiah and the banking system in general.
As a measure to cope with the scarcity of liquidity in the nation's banking system, Bank Indonesia, as a lender of the last resort, provided liquidity assistance loans to banks. In addition, the Government instituted a blanket guarantee program for all bank liabilities, in order to arrest further erosion of confidence towards the system.
IBRA had been established on January 26, 1998 and was planned to have lifespan of five years for undertaking its tasks. Even though IBRA’s liquidation took longer than planned, the government finally terminated IBRA on April 30, 2004. According to the law of establishment of IBRA (Presidential Decree No. 27 Year 1998), IBRAs’ objectives were to administer the government's blanket guarantee program, and to supervise, manage and restructure distress banks. These objectives were extended on February 27, 1999 to include to manage the government’s assets in performing banks under restructuring status and to optimize the recovery rate of asset disposals of distressed banks. IBRA had been undertook an integrated and comprehensive series of activities consisting of bank liability program, bank restructuring, bank loan restructuring, shareholders settlement, and the recovery of state funds. These are carried out by the major operating units within IBRA: Bank Restructuring, Asset Management Credit, Asset Management Investment, Risk Management, and Support and Administration.
IBRA is supervised by the Ministry of Finance, the Financial Sector Policy Committee and the Oversight Committee. Financial Sector Policy Committee (FSPC/Komite Kebijakan Sektor Keuangan) was formed on August 21, 1998, which members include the economic ministers of Indonesia, and the Independent Review Committee (IRC), which includes representatives from International Monetary Funds (IMF), the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB).

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